Pictograms, Bar Charts and Vertical Line Charts

Multiply the number of full symbols by the key.

Take half of the number given in the key.

Use the key for both the full symbols and the fraction of a symbol.

Read the top of the Tuesday bar against the frequency axis.

Read all four frequencies and add them.

Subtract the smaller of the two relevant frequencies.

1. Tuesday: 14 tickets. Thursday: 6 tickets.
2. Difference =14-6=8 tickets.

Use the line above 3 on the goals axis.

1. The height of the line at 3 goals is 4, so there were 4 games with exactly 3 goals.

Find the tallest line, then give its horizontal-axis value.

1. The tallest line has frequency 6 and stands at 2 goals. The most common number of goals was 2.

Divide the number of cars by the key’s value.

1. 18\div4=4.5, so the row needs four full symbols and one half symbol.
2. The completed row uses the calculated number of symbols.

Multiply each possible interval size by the number of intervals.

1. The scales would reach 10, 20, 50 or 100.
2. The smallest of these that reaches at least 48 is 50, so use 5 per interval.

Read both known days, subtract from the total, then use the key.

Part (a)

1. Monday =2\times6=12; Tuesday =3\times6=18.
2. Wednesday =54-12-18=24 books.

Part (b)

1. 24\div6=4 full symbols.

Add each week’s three frequencies before comparing totals.

1. Week A total =6+10+8=24. Week B total =8+7+12=27.
2. Difference =27-24=3 more items in B.

Find the total number of visitors before applying the entry price.

1. Total visitors =12+16+20+8=56.
2. Total money =56\times3=£168.

Include the lines at 2, 3 and 4 goals, then use the total number of games.

1. At least 2 goals occurred in 6+4+2=12 games.
2. Total games =3+5+6+4+2=20.
3. Percentage =\frac{12}{20}\times100=60\%.

Multiply each frequency by its own price, then add.

1. Muffin money =12\times1.50=£18. Flapjack money =9\times2=£18.
2. Total =18+18=£36.

Work out the value of one full symbol before reading the other row.

1. One full symbol represents 27\div4.5=6 parcels.
2. Tuesday has three and a half symbols: 3.5\times6=21 parcels.

Use each chart’s own key before comparing the counts.

1. A received 3\times4=12 orders. B received 2\times10=20 orders.
2. Difference =20-12=8 more orders for B. Fewer symbols can represent more orders when the keys differ.

Use the height of each section, then apply its ticket price.

1. On Tuesday the child section reaches 12, so there are 12 child tickets.
2. The adult section runs from 12 to 30, so there are 30-12=18 adult tickets. The senior section runs from 30 to 40, so there are 40-30=10 senior tickets.
3. Total money =12\times4+18\times7+10\times5=48+126+50=£224.

Read the values from the axis instead of comparing visible bar heights.

1. The actual values are A = 90 and B = 100, so the difference is 100-90=10.
2. The visible heights above 80 are 10 and 20, but the actual counts are not in the ratio 1 to 2.

Find how many pupils receive each reward, then calculate stickers and whole packs.

1. At least 2 points: 8+5+2=15 pupils. Lower scores: 4+6=10 pupils.
2. Stickers needed =15\times2+10\times1=40.
3. 40\div6=6\frac23. Six packs contain only 36 stickers, so 7 packs are needed.